Java 实例- 死锁及解决方法

import java.util.Date; public class LockTest { public static String obj1 = "obj1"; public static String obj2 = "obj2"; public static void main(String[] args) { LockA la = new LockA(); new Thread(la).start(); LockB lb = new LockB(); new Thread(lb).start(); } } class LockA implements Runnable{ public void run() { try { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行"); while(true){ synchronized (LockTest.obj1) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1"); Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给B能锁住机会 synchronized (LockTest.obj2) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj2"); Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放 } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class LockB implements Runnable{ public void run() { try { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行"); while(true){ synchronized (LockTest.obj2) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2"); Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给A能锁住机会 synchronized (LockTest.obj1) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj1"); Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放 } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

以上代码运行输出结果为：

Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockB 开始执行
Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockA 开始执行
Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockB 锁住 obj2
Tue May 05 10:51:06 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1

此时死锁产生。

为了解决这个问题，我们不使用显示的去锁，我们用信号量去控制。

信号量可以控制资源能被多少线程访问，这里我们指定只能被一个线程访问，就做到了类似锁住。而信号量可以指定去获取的超时时间，我们可以根据这个超时时间，去做一个额外处理。

对于无法成功获取的情况，一般就是重复尝试，或指定尝试的次数，也可以马上退出。

来看下如下代码：

import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class UnLockTest { public static String obj1 = "obj1"; public static final Semaphore a1 = new Semaphore(1); public static String obj2 = "obj2"; public static final Semaphore a2 = new Semaphore(1); public static void main(String[] args) { LockAa la = new LockAa(); new Thread(la).start(); LockBb lb = new LockBb(); new Thread(lb).start(); } } class LockAa implements Runnable { public void run() { try { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行"); while (true) { if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1"); if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj2"); Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something }else{ System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockA 锁 obj2 失败"); } }else{ System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockA 锁 obj1 失败"); } UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放 UnLockTest.a2.release(); Thread.sleep(1000); // 马上进行尝试，现实情况下do something是不确定的 } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class LockBb implements Runnable { public void run() { try { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行"); while (true) { if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2"); if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) { System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj1"); Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something }else{ System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockB 锁 obj1 失败"); } }else{ System.out.println(new Date().toString() + "LockB 锁 obj2 失败"); } UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放 UnLockTest.a2.release(); Thread.sleep(10 * 1000); // 这里只是为了演示，所以tryAcquire只用1秒，而且B要给A让出能执行的时间，否则两个永远是死锁 } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

以上实例代码输出结构为：

Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockA 开始执行
Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockB 开始执行
Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockB 锁住 obj2
Tue May 05 10:59:13 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1
Tue May 05 10:59:14 CST 2015LockB 锁 obj1 失败
Tue May 05 10:59:14 CST 2015LockA 锁 obj2 失败
Tue May 05 10:59:15 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj1
Tue May 05 10:59:15 CST 2015 LockA 锁住 obj2

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