使用Maven构建和测试Java项目-火龙果软件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
<artifactId>project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

在这里，你可以看到 Maven 已经添加了 Junit 测试框架。默认情况下 Maven 增加了一个源文件 App.java，以及在前面的章节中讨论的一样，默认目录结构中也有一个测试文件：AppTest.java。

现在打开命令控制台，进入到 C:\ MVN \ consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建这个项目，如下所示：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building consumerBanking 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b
uild is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.companyname.bank.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.063 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 14.406 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-09-27T17:58:06+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/247M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在我们已经建立项目，并创建生成最终 jar 文件，以下是主要一些概念介绍：

1.我们给 maven 两个目标，首先要清理目标目录（clean），然后打包项目生成 JAR（包）输出；

2.打包的 JAR 可在 consumerBanking\target 文件夹找到文件：consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar ；

3.测试报告在 consumerBanking \ target \ surefire-reports 文件夹中；

4.Maven 编译的源代码文件，然后测试源代码文件；

5.然后 Maven 运行测试用例；

6.最后 Maven 创建包；

现在打开命令控制台，进入到 C : \ MVN \ consumerBanking \ target \ classes 目录，然后执行以下 java 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java com.companyname.bank.App

会看到结果，如下所示：

Hello World!

添加 Java 源文件

让我们来看看如何在项目中添加额外的 Java 文件。打开 C:\ MVN \ consumerBanking \ src \ main \ java \ com \ companyname \ bank 文件夹，在其中创建一个 Util 类，其对应文件为：Util.java 文件。

package com.companyname.bank;

public class Util
{
public static void printMessage(String message){
System.out.println(message);
}
}

更新 App 类在其中调用（使用） Util 类。如下代码所示：

package com.companyname.bank;

/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
Util.printMessage("Hello World!");
}
}

现在打开命令控制台，进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean compile

Maven 构建成功后，请再进入 C:\ MVN \ consumerBanking \ target \ classes 目录，然后执行以下 java 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java -cp com.companyname.bank.App

看到结果如下所示：

Hello World!

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