maven 使用 Archetype 概念为用户提供不同类型的项目模板,它是一个非常大的列表(614个数字)。
maven 使用下面的命令来帮助用户快速开始构建一个新的 Java 项目。
什么是Archetype?
Archetype 是一个 Maven 插件,其任务是按照其模板来创建一个项目结构。在这里我们将使用
quickstart 原型插件来创建一个简单的 Java应用程序。
使用项目模板
让我们打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\>MVN 目录,然后执行以下命令 mvn 命令,如下代码所示:
C:\MVN>mvn
archetype:generate
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Maven 开始处理,并按要求选择所需的原型,执行结果如下图中所示:
INFO] Scanning
for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with
prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate]
(aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
...
600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype
(-)
601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype
(-)
602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype
(-)
603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype
(-)
604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype
Basic setup for a project that combines
Scala and Wicket,
depending on the Wicket-Scala project.
Includes an example Specs test.)
605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype
(-)
606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish
(-)
607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring
(-)
608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype
(Make it easy to create a maven project
for creating XWiki Components.)
609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro
(Make it easy to create a maven project
for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.)
610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component
(The ZK Component archetype)
611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp
(The ZK wepapp archetype)
612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype
(-)
613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype
(-)
614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype
(-)
Choose a number or apply filter
(format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive
contains): 203:
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按 Enter 键选择默认选项(203:maven-archetype-quickstart)
Maven会要求原型的特定版本
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart
version:
1: 1.0-alpha-1
2: 1.0-alpha-2
3: 1.0-alpha-3
4: 1.0-alpha-4
5: 1.0
6: 1.1
Choose a number: 6:
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按 Enter 键选择默认选项(6:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1)
Maven会要求填写项目细节信息。如果要使用默认值可直接按回车。也可以通过输入自己的值覆盖它们。
Define value
for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance
Define value for property 'artifactId':
: health
Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT:
Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance:
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Maven会要求确认项目的细节信息,可按回车键或按 Y 来确认。
Confirm properties
configuration:
groupId: com.companyname.insurance
artifactId: health
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.companyname.insurance
Y:
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现在,Maven将开始创建项目结构,并会显示如下内容:
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating
project
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:MVN
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype
in dir: C:MVNhealth
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12
IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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创建项目
现在进入到 C:\mvn 目录。会看到有一个 java 应用程序项目已创建了,它是在创建项目时给出
artifactId 命名:health 。 Maven 将创建一个标准的目录结构布局,如下图所示:
创建pom.xml
Maven 项目中的生成如下所列出 pom.xml 文件,其内容如下:
<project
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId>
<artifactId>health</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>health</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
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创建App.java
Maven 示例生成 Java 源文件,App.java下面列出项目:
位置:C:\>MVN\health\src\main\java\com\companyname\insurance>
App.java
package com.companyname.insurance;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello World!"
);
}
}
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创建 AppTest.java
Maven 实例生成 Java 源测试文件,项目中的 AppTest.java 测试文件如下面列出:
位置: C:\ > MVN > health > src > test
> java > com > companyname > insurance
> AppTest.java
package com.companyname.insurance;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
/**
* Unit test for simple App.
*/
public class AppTest
extends TestCase
{
/**
* Create the test case
*
* @param testName name of the test case
*/
public AppTest( String testName )
{
super( testName );
}
/**
* @return the suite of tests being tested
*/
public static Test suite()
{
return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
}
/**
* Rigourous Test :-)
*/
public void testApp()
{
assertTrue( true );
}
}
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就是这样。现在就可以看到 Maven 的功能了。可以使用 maven 单一命令来创建任何类型的项目并开始开发。 |