| StatefulSet
StatefulSet是为了解决有状态服务的问题（对应Deployments和ReplicaSets是为无状态服务而设计），其应用场景包括
稳定的持久化存储，即Pod重新调度后还是能访问到相同的持久化数据，基于PVC来实现
稳定的网络标志，即Pod重新调度后其PodName和HostName不变，基于Headless
Service（即没有Cluster IP的Service）来实现
有序部署，有序扩展，即Pod是有顺序的，在部署或者扩展的时候要依据定义的顺序依次依次进行（即从0到N-1，在下一个Pod运行之前所有之前的Pod必须都是Running和Ready状态），基于init
containers来实现
有序收缩，有序删除（即从N-1到0）
从上面的应用场景可以发现，StatefulSet由以下几个部分组成：
用于定义网络标志（DNS domain）的Headless Service
用于创建PersistentVolumes的volumeClaimTemplates
定义具体应用的StatefulSet
StatefulSet中每个Pod的DNS格式为statefulSetName-{0..N-1}.serviceName.namespace.svc.cluster.local，其中
serviceName为Headless Service的名字
0..N-1为Pod所在的序号，从0开始到N-1
statefulSetName为StatefulSet的名字
namespace为服务所在的namespace，Headless Servic和StatefulSet必须在相同的namespace
.cluster.local为Cluster Domain，
简单示例
以一个简单的nginx服务web.yaml为例：
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: web
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: web
spec:
serviceName: "nginx"
replicas: 2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.8
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: web
volumeMounts:
- name: www
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: www
annotations:
volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class:
anything
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi |
$ kubectl
create -f web.yaml
service "nginx" created
statefulset "web" created
# 查看创建的headless service和statefulset
$ kubectl get service nginx
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx None <none> 80/TCP 1m
$ kubectl get statefulset web
NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE
web 2 2 2m
# 根据volumeClaimTemplates自动创建PVC（在GCE中会自动创建kubernetes.io/gce-pd类型的volume）
$ kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES
AGE
www-web-0 Bound pvc-d064a004-d8d4-11e6-b521-42010a800002
1Gi RWO 16s
www-web-1 Bound pvc-d06a3946-d8d4-11e6-b521-42010a800002
1Gi RWO 16s
# 查看创建的Pod，他们都是有序的
$ kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web-0 1/1 Running 0 5m
web-1 1/1 Running 0 4m
# 使用nslookup查看这些Pod的DNS
$ kubectl run -i --tty --image busybox dns-test
--restart=Never --rm /bin/sh
/ # nslookup web-0.nginx
Server: 10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: web-0.nginx
Address 1: 10.244.2.10
/ # nslookup web-1.nginx
Server: 10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: web-1.nginx
Address 1: 10.244.3.12
/ # nslookup web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
Server: 10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.244.2.10 |
还可以进行其他的操作
# 扩容
$ kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=5
# 缩容
$ kubectl patch statefulset web -p '{"spec":{"replicas":3}}'
# 镜像更新（目前还不支持直接更新image，需要patch来间接实现）
$ kubectl patch statefulset web --type='json'
-p='[{"op": "replace",
"path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image",
"value":"gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.7"}]'
# 删除StatefulSet和Headless Service
$ kubectl delete statefulset web
$ kubectl delete service nginx
# StatefulSet删除后PVC还会保留着，数据不再使用的话也需要删除
$ kubectl delete pvc www-web-0 www-web-1 |
zookeeper
另外一个更能说明StatefulSet强大功能的示例为zookeeper.yaml。
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: zk-headless
labels:
app: zk-headless
spec:
ports:
- port: 2888
name: server
- port: 3888
name: leader-election
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: zk
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: zk-config
data:
ensemble: "zk-0;zk-1;zk-2"
jvm.heap: "2G"
tick: "2000"
init: "10"
sync: "5"
client.cnxns: "60"
snap.retain: "3"
purge.interval: "1"
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
name: zk-budget
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: zk
minAvailable: 2
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: zk
spec:
serviceName: zk-headless
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: zk
annotations:
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/initialized: "true"
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/affinity: >
{
"podAntiAffinity": {
"requiredDuringScheduling RequiredDuringExecution":
[{
"labelSelector": {
"matchExpressions":
[{
"key": "app",
"operator": "In",
"values": ["zk-headless"]
}]
},
"topologyKey": "kubernetes.io/hostname"
}]
}
}
spec:
containers:
- name: k8szk
imagePullPolicy: Always
image: gcr.io/ google_samples/k8szk:v1
resources:
requests:
memory: "4Gi"
cpu: "1"
ports:
- containerPort: 2181
name: client
- containerPort: 2888
name: server
- containerPort: 3888
name: leader-election
env:
- name : ZK_ENSEMBLE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: ensemble
- name : ZK_HEAP_SIZE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: jvm.heap
- name : ZK_TICK_TIME
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: tick
- name : ZK_INIT_LIMIT
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: init
- name : ZK_SYNC_LIMIT
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: tick
- name : ZK_MAX_CLIENT_CNXNS
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: client.cnxns
- name: ZK_SNAP_RETAIN_COUNT
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: snap.retain
- name: ZK_PURGE_INTERVAL
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: zk-config
key: purge.interval
- name: ZK_CLIENT_PORT
value: "2181"
- name: ZK_SERVER_PORT
value: "2888"
- name: ZK_ELECTION_PORT
value: "3888"
command:
- sh
- -c
- zkGenConfig.sh && zkServer.sh start-foreground
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- "zkOk.sh"
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 5
livenessProbe:
exec:
command:
- "zkOk.sh"
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 5
volumeMounts:
- name: datadir
mountPath: /var/lib/zookeeper
securityContext:
runAsUser: 1000
fsGroup: 1000
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: datadir
annotations:
volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/ storage-class:
anything
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 20Gi |
| kubectl
create -f zookeeper.yaml |
详细的使用说明见zookeeper stateful application。
StatefulSet注意事项
还在beta状态，需要kubernetes v1.5版本以上才支持
所有Pod的Volume必须使用PersistentVolume或者是管理员事先创建好
为了保证数据安全，删除StatefulSet时不会删除Volume
StatefulSet需要一个Headless Service来定义DNS domain，需要在StatefulSet之前创建好
目前StatefulSet还没有feature complete，比如更新操作还需要手动patch。
更多可以参考Kubernetes文档。 |
