名词解释：ConfigMap

# 从key-value字符串创建ConfigMap
$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very
configmap "special-config" created
$ kubectl get configmap special-config -o go-template='{{.data}}'
map[special.how:very]

# 从env文件创建
$ echo -e "a=b\nc=d" | tee config.env
a=b
c=d
$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-env-file=config.env
configmap "special-config" created
$ kubectl get configmap special-config -o go-template='{{.data}}'
map[a:b c:d]

# 从目录创建
$ mkdir config
$ echo a>config/a
$ echo b>config/b
$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-file=config/
configmap "special-config" created
$ kubectl get configmap special-config -o go-template='{{.data}}'
map[a:a
b:b
]

ConfigMap使用

ConfigMap可以通过多种方式在Pod中使用，比如设置环境变量、设置容器命令行参数、在Volume中创建配置文件等。

注意

ConfigMap必须在Pod引用它之前创建

使用envFrom时，将会自动忽略无效的键

Pod只能使用同一个命名空间内的ConfigMap

用作环境变量

首先创建ConfigMap：

$ kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal=special.type=charm
$ kubectl create configmap env-config --from-literal=log_level=INFO

然后以环境变量方式引用

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: test-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: test-container
image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
env:
- name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config
key: special.how
- name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config
key: special.type
envFrom:
- configMapRef:
name: env-config
restartPolicy: Never

当pod运行结束后，它的输出会包括

SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY=very
SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY=charm
log_level=INFO

用作命令行参数

将ConfigMap用作命令行参数时，需要先把ConfigMap的数据保存在环境变量中，然后通过$(VAR_NAME)的方式引用环境变量.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: test-container
image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "echo $(SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY) $(SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY)" ]
env:
- name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config
key: special.how
- name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: special-config
key: special.type
restartPolicy: Never

当Pod结束后会输出

very charm

使用volume将ConfigMap作为文件或目录直接挂载

将创建的ConfigMap直接挂载至Pod的/etc/config目录下，其中每一个key-value键值对都会生成一个文件，key为文件名，value为内容

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: vol-test-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: test-container
image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "cat /etc/config/special.how" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: special-config
restartPolicy: Never

当Pod结束后会输出

very

将创建的ConfigMap中special.how这个key挂载到/etc/config目录下的一个相对路径/keys/special.level。如果存在同名文件，直接覆盖。其他的key不挂载

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: test-container
image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","cat /etc/config/keys/special.level" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: special-config
items:
- key: special.how
path: keys/special.level
restartPolicy: Never

当Pod结束后会输出

very

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